Brolin:Originality

Originality

Brolin

If the guide lings for the building’s appearance are to be set more strictly by its visual context or the social value of its iconography, our understanding of “originality” must change. Originality or creativity, has become synonymous with “new” and “different”, and designing to fit in rather than stand out seems a terrifying sacrifice of the designer’s ego. It is not. It only presents a change in the ground rules: the prevailing aesthetic of the place is substituted for the architect’s aesthetic. Instead of being guided by his own narrowly defined “Modern” ideas of what is visually pleasing, the architect substitutes another, probably equally narrow set of visual guidelings; he designs to fit in with the existing visual context or to respect the preferences of the clients who are to use the building.

 This does not mean that architect should necessarily produce facsimiles of historical relics, although the average traditional building in traditional context often looks better than an average modern building in the same traditional context. Some modern buildings do fit in with their surroundings without sacrificing their modernity. The Yale dormitories of Ero Saarinen are reasonably successful in capturing the feeling of their academic Gothic neighbors without copying them. The Torre Valasca in Milan shows that even a modern building of different scale than its surroundings can grace a traditional cityscape. Other less well publicized examples are all around us, but unfortunately these are exceptions. Only occasionally does a modern building accept the fact of  its context rather than try to shock by its modernity.

Edvard Koinberg

http://www.koinbergbild.se/englishindex.html

http://www.herbariumamoris.se/herbariumamoris.html

Chesapeake Bay Bridge And Tunnel

Northbound-$200,000,000 opened 1964.North channel bridge, 3792 feet in lenth 75 feet vertical clearance.

Piles to support trestles:2523.

Southbound-$250,000,000 opened 1999.South channel bridge,3789feet in length 75feet vertical clearance.

Piles to support trestles,2951.

the nuptials and sex of plants

At the end of 1792,Carl von Line was sitting in his chambers, writing a critique of the prevailing superstitions in biology. He describes the sexuality of plants, and has an idea which will crystallise in a whole new way of classifying plantlife. He counts the stamens and pistils and classfies them accordingly . He’s already studied hundreds of plants, so he knows.

he arranged the plants in 24 classed, accordingto their number of stamerns and pistils. the stamens are the male in the marriage, the pistils the famales. Class 1- Monandria- “a man in the marriage”, Diandria- “Two men in the same marriage”, and so on to class XIII-Polyandria-” twenty men or more in the same bridal chamber with one and the same woman”.

“The calys is the bridal bed where the stamen and pedicularis engage in union. The strands are the sperm tubes, the pistil stylet the mother passage or vagina, the plant ovary the human female ovary, the seed capsule the mature buman ovary, and the seed the egg.”

Linnaeus’ aim in drawing parallels between the sexuality of plants and humans may have been to explain more clearly how nature worked by means of imaginery. In his book about plant “foreplay”, Praeludia Sponsaliorum Plantarum, he describes the various parts of the flowers. He calls the anthers testicles, the stigma the vulva and the stylet of the pistil the vagina. As we have seen, he gives the plant ovary the same name as the woman’s ovary.”plants’ womb is the earth.

when Systema Naturae was published in 173, it took just few months for Linnaeus to become famous throughout the world. His ideas concerning the sexuality of plants caused some alarm, but people were also titillated by them. He was accused of leading young people astray with his accounts of the plant’ love life. this, however,simply added to his reputation.

He was born 1707 in the southern Swedish province of Smaland. His most valuable contribution to botany was the method he developed for identifying and recording flora anf fuuna. he is best known, however, for the binomial nomenclature he intruduced, giving all plants and animals two names_a geniric family name and a name for the species. duringhis lifetime,he named 7700 plants and 4400 animals.

Linnaeus completed his medical degree at the Dutch university of Harderwijk in 1735. this marked the beginning of a journey that took him to germany, the Netherlands, Britain and France to meet the great botanical scholars of the time. He established important contarcts during this period and was able to develop his ideas and publish a number of the books.his reputation grew, and he soon took his plates among the leading batanists of the day.

Although famous outside Sweden, Linnaeus was virtually unknown in his own country on his return there in 1738. He earned his keep by working as a physician in Stockholm, but was eventually award a post as a professor of botany at Uppsala University.

Linnaeus undertook a number of journeys through Sweden.His accounts of these travels were published in book form and greatly enhanced people’s knowledge about Swedish nature. A five-month trip to Lapland in particular attracted much attention, especially abroad, where almost nothing was known in the 18th century about the northernmost parts of Europe.

 With the advent of Linnaeus’ sexual system of classification, it now became possible to record plants. This inspired a number of young Swedish botanists to travel out into the world  to collect un familiar species. Linnaeus himself called them his”apostles”, and they contributed greatly to the spread of his system.

He died 1778 in Uppsala.

Linnaeus

 1.He stayed away from the school sometimes, so he could be out in the countryside. His father Nils, a vicar and hobby gardener, so worried. How could he keep his young son in school so that he could study and become a priest? the teacher thought Carl should become a craftsman. It was science teacher who found the solution-Carl could study to become a doctor.

2.He was only 154cm tall, just over 5feet. But he cut an impressive figure when clad in his Sami costume, as he did when he proposed to Sara Lisa. Furthermore, he had beautiful eye.

3.He was the first European to successfully cultivate bananas. He managed this while living in Holland. He claimed that the forbidden fruit that Eve offered Adam in the Garden of Eden was a banana, not an apple.

4.He was deeply devout, and saw great ideas in small things. He believed that God had created everything in the natural world for a purpose, and it was the task of scientists to reveal God’s purpose.

5. He was the world’s first ecologist, long before the concept was discovered. He used terms such as “budget” and “economics of nature”. He described the significance of the circle of resources, and compost formation, and he described how all organisms had a place in the natural world.Everything was co-ordinated into one perfect machine.

6. His ideas inspired Charles Darwin when he was developing the theory of evolution. He had described the order and the hierachy of species in  his books. then used the phrase “fight for survival in his book Politia Nature. Darwin took the idea further, and wrote about suitable organism in nature survive.

7.Linnaeus wrote text that were easy to understand, and he wrote often in Swedish, not only in Latin. This was the key to how his pionnering research achieved such a wide impact. August Strindberg wrote that”linnaeus was really a poet, who just happened to be a scientist.”

8.He speculations became bolder as the years went by. For example: he speculated that swallows spent the winter at the bottom of lakes. Maybe he was in a hurry to explain everything.

A scientific Superstar

Carl Linnaeus was a pioneer, and a genius in many different fields. Many of his ideas and discoveries have inspired and continue to inspire leading researchers right up to today.

He showed in the classification system Systema Naturae how nature is divide into three kingdoms: plants, animals and minerals. His system of giving Latin names allowed him to creat rules for the naming of species in nature. humans, for example, are named Homo sapiens for the first time in Linnaeus’ system, and they are included with apes in the class Mammalia,mammals.

Linnaeus was irrepressibly curious, and his drive to categorize, organize and name nature dominated a complete era of scientific history-the Linnaean era. But he was not only a scientist, botanist, zoologist, and geologist. He was also a skilled teacher. health expert, and philosopher.

In summary, Linnaeus was one of the few Swedish superstarts, famous throughout the world.

Linnaeus has been called the “king of flowers” and statues have been raised of him. His photograph is on the Swedish 100 Krona note, and many places have been named after Linnaeus, one of them on the moon.

Michie Tavern ca.1784

Historical Michie Tavern, established in 1784 by Scotsman William Michie, served as the social center of its community and accommodated travellers with food, drink, and lodging. Today, visitors encounter the Tavern’s past through the historical journey which retreats 18th century life.

The Tavern’s dinning room, the Ordinary, features hearty Midday Fare offered by servers in period attire. The rustic tavern setting renders a dinning experience rich in southern culture and hospitality for families to enjoy. The bill of Fare features period dishes such as Colonial Fried Chichen, hickory Smoked Pork Barbecue, Black eye peas, Stewed Tomotos, Biscuits, Cornbread and variety of hot and cold dishes. Virginia wines and traditional largers are available to complement your meal.

Guest may further savor the past through lively interactive tours of the original Tavern. History unfolds as each room reveals the lifestyles and customs of 18th century patrons. During your tour, you may dance a colonial reel, write with a quill pen or slake your thirst with a tankard punch.

Additionally our your visitors may partake in a treasure hunt, play period games and don 18th century style clothing.

After the tour of the Tavern and dependent outbuildings, guests are invited to visit the clothier shop, located in a circa 1822 structure, and the General Store, housed in the Meadow RunGrist Mill.

Garden Pavillion

it was used as a retreat by Thomas Jefferson.

Immerse yourself in architecture history by exploring the house ,gardens, and ground of Monticello,the remarkable integration of Thomas Jefferson’s passions for classical architecture,modern innovation,and natural beauty.

tour the house-Jefferson’s “essay in architecture” and the only house in the United States designated a United Nations World Heritage site- and see the extroninary and everyday objects the furnished his life.Stroll through the cultivated landscape of flower,vegetable, and fruit gardens that Jefferson designed.Walk down …….Enjoy scenic views of the pastral countryside and delight in what Jefferson called “the workhouse of nature”.

chess

Jefferson taught his grandchildren how to play chess.at night,Monticello was lit by candels and lamps that burned whale oil.Mulberry Row was the main “street” of the Monticello plantation.Many slaves lived and worked here.the work room under the houseare called “dependencies” because Jefferson and his family depended upon what was done in these rooms especially the kitchen.Ice and packed snow were stored in the ice rooms.The main meal of the day was served about 3′clock in the afternoon.Ice cream was a family favourate at monticello.Monticello waa a large plantation of 5000 acres.Tobacco was grown as a cash crop at Monticello.It was hard on the soil so Jefferson later swiched to wheat farming.He grew 23 kinds of peas.They were his favorite vegeterble.over 330 different varieties of vegetables were grown at monticello.The vegetable garden is 1000 feet long, as long as three football fields.he sent the Lewis & clark Expedition to explore the West.

Polygraph

jefferson wrote thousands of letters.this machine-called “polygraph”-made a copy as he wrote.